Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs and is often linked to smoking, though non-smokers can also be affected. It is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide, often diagnosed at advanced stages.
Types
The main types of lung cancer are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC, which includes adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma, is more common and tends to grow more slowly. SCLC, also known as small cell carcinoma, is less common but more aggressive.
Symptoms
Symptoms of lung cancer may include persistent cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, and unexplained weight loss. Early-stage lung cancer may not present noticeable symptoms.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves imaging tests such as chest X-rays, CT scans, and PET scans, as well as biopsy procedures to confirm the presence of cancer cells. Sputum cytology and bronchoscopy may also be used for diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment options depend on the type and stage of lung cancer and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Multimodal approaches are often used for optimal outcomes.
Prevention and Screening
Reducing risk factors, such as quitting smoking and avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke or harmful chemicals, can help prevent lung cancer. Screening with low-dose CT scans is recommended for high-risk individuals, such as heavy smokers or those with a family history of lung cancer.
