Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer originates in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is commonly caused by persistent infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Early detection through screening is crucial for effective treatment.
Types
The most common type of cervical cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, which starts in the cells lining the cervix. Another type is adenocarcinoma, which originates in glandular cells. There are also rare types, such as small cell carcinoma.
Symptoms
Early cervical cancer may not present noticeable symptoms. As it progresses, symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding (between periods or after intercourse), unusual discharge, pelvic pain, and pain during sex.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves a Pap smear or HPV test to detect abnormal cells. If these tests are abnormal, a colposcopy and biopsy are performed to confirm the presence of cancer.
Treatment
Treatment options vary based on the stage of cancer and may include surgery (such as a hysterectomy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these. Advanced cases may require more intensive treatment approaches.
Prevention and Screening
Regular screening through Pap smears and HPV testing can detect precancerous changes early. HPV vaccination is also effective in reducing the risk of cervical cancer. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding HPV infection through safe sex practices can further help prevent the disease.
